Performance de Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae) em frutos: comparação de duas populações criadas em laboratório / Performance of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in fruits: comparison of two laboratory populations

This study evaluated the influence of two fruits hosts (orange and papaya) on biological and behavioral parameters of two populations of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) reared under laboratory conditions. One of these populations has been reared under laboratory conditions by 25 years without introduction of wild flies (Lab-pop), while the other has been maintained under the same conditions by 15 years but with occasional introduction of wild specimens (Hybrid-pop). The following parameters were analyzed: emergence percentage, life cycle duration (from eclosion to emergence), adult size, longevity, female fecundity and oviposition preference. The best performance of immatures of both populations was obtained on papaya as a host. Larvae reared on orange had longer life cycle, low emergence percentage and smaller adults. The fruit type did not affect fecundity and longevity of the Lab-pop, but in the Hybrid-pop males lived longer when reared on papaya, while females had higher longevity and fecundity when reared on orange. Females of both populations preferred to lay eggs in papaya (better host for larvae) when compared to orange. However, some eggs were deposited on orange only by females of Lab-pop, suggesting a lower ability for host selection of this population. These data are discussed regarding to the effects of continuous laboratory rearing on the biological parameters of this species.

Longevity and fecundity of four species of Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae) / Longevidade e fecundidade de quatro espécies de moscas-das-frutas do gênero Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Studies on fruit fly longevity and fertility are important to understand their demographic aspects and to orient implantation of integrated management strategies. This study investigated the longevity of adult Anastrepha species A. fraterculus (Wiedemann), A. sororcula (Zucchi), A. zenildae (Zucchi) and A. obliqua (Macquart). The reproductive pattern was also assessed throughout the life of the species A. sororcula and A. obliqua and fertility at eighteen days of life of the four species. A. zenildae longevity was similar to A. sororcula, longer than A. fraterculus and followed by A. obliqua. No statistical difference between the sexes was observed, except for A. obliqua. The decrease in survival occurred fastest in A. obliqua followed by A. fraterculus and A. sororcula, which was similar to A. zenildae. The highest mean of eggs at 18 days of life was for A. obliqua, followed by A. fraterculus, A. zenildae and A. sororcula. The reproductive pattern over the lifespan differed among the species assessed. A. obliqua presented a longer reproductive period, with more than one oviposition peak and greater daily and total egg production. The differences observed in the survival patterns and egg production and oviposition in the Anastrepha species reflect strategies that may be associated with environmental stability and/or differential response capacity to unstable environments. Thus the existence of similar survival strategies can be suggested between A. obliqua and A. fraterculus and between A. sororcula and A. zenildae.

Estudos sobre longevidade e fecundidade de moscas-das-frutas são importantes para o entendimento de seus aspectos demográficos e para orientar a implantação de estratégias de manejo integrado. Neste trabalho estudou-se a longevidade de adultos de Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann), A. sororcula (Zucchi), A. zenildae (Zucchi) e A. obliqua (Macquart). Avaliou-se, também, o padrão reprodutivo ao longo da vida das espécies A. sororcula e A. obliqua e a fecundidade, aos dezoito dias de vida, das quatro espécies. A longevidade de A. zenildae foi semelhante à de A. sororcula e maior que de A. fraterculus, seguida de A. obliqua. Não diferiu estatisticamente entre os sexos, exceto para A. obliqua. O decréscimo da sobrevivência ocorreu mais rapidamente em A. obliqua, seguida de A. fraterculus e de A. sororcula, que foi semelhante a A. zenildae. A maior média de óvulos aos 18 dias de vida foi de A. obliqua, seguida por A. fraterculus, A. zenildae e A. sororcula. O padrão reprodutivo ao longo da vida diferiu entre as espécies avaliadas. A. obliqua apresentou período reprodutivo mais longo, teve mais de um pico de oviposição e maior produção diária e total de ovos. As diferenças observadas nos padrões de sobrevivência e de produção e postura de ovos das espécies de Anastrepha refletem estratégias que podem estar associadas à estabilidade do ambiente e/ou à capacidade diferencial de resposta a ambientes instáveis. Assim, pode-se sugerir a existência de estratégias de sobrevivência semelhantes entre A. obliqua e A. fraterculus e entre A. sororcula e A. zenildae.